wilson



Oct. 10, 1933. E, wlLsoN' 1,929,999

COMPRES SOR OR PUMP Filed NOV. 19, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet l Fig-1- hye/7%)? 5 4 4; Who/9 Oct. 10, 1933. E W N 1,929,999

COMPRESSOR 0R PUMP Filed Nov. 19, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 10, 1933. EWILSQN I 1,929,999

COMPRESSOR 0R PUMP Fild Nov. 19. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 //1 Wavy 02? fax1 m? W/Jan,

Patented Oct. 10, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE Application November19, 1928 Serial No. 320,401

8 Claims.

This invention relates to compressors or pumps and while the embodimentof the device shown is designed specially for use in the compression ofrefrigerant gas it is capable of useful application to other purposes.

An object of the invention is to provide a machine for use as acompressor or pump and comprising a pair of stationary cylindricalheads, each of which is enclosed by a cylinder cooperating therewith toform a compression chamber and having eccentric connection with a singleshaft whereby both cylinders are operated to perform their intendedfunctions in a relationship in which they project oppositely from theaxis of the shaft so as to balance the operation of the machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine for use as acompressor or pump and embodying the subject matter last abovementioned, in combination with a pump for circulating a lubricantthrough the machine, and means for operating the pump by the same shaftwhich operates the cylinders.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine of the type andcharacter mentioned wherein the shaft is journaled in spaced bearingsand the cylinders are eccentrically connected with the shaft betweensaid bearings.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improvement in the typeof compressor or pump disclosed in my companion application filedSeptember l, 1928, Serial No. 303,400.

Other objects will appear from the following description, referencebeing made to the draw ings in which Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional Viewof my improved machine.

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view approximately on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross sectional view of the stationary element inconnection with which the stationary heads are formed about which thecompression cylinders operate.

"Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of Fig. 1 approximately on the line4-4 of Fig.1.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the part of the machine shown in Fig. 3 showingthe construction of the ends of the stationary heads.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view, with a part broken away, of a plate orblade mounted for radial sliding movements in the stationary head ofeach cylinder.

Fig. 7 is a view showing the end of a portion of one of the cylindersmaking apparent the construction of the annular oil groove which hascommunication with the outside of the cylinder but does not communicatewith the inside of the cylinder.

This machine comprises a base 1 having an upwardly extended cylindricalportion 2 and a downwardly extended cylindrical portion 3. Thesecylindrical portions 2 and 3 constitute heads about which the cylindersoperate to perform their functions.

A frame comprising a vertical portion 4 which is preferably circular incross section and a hearing 5 integrally united with the portion 4 isrigidly attached to the base 1 by bolts 6; These bolts 6 also attach tothe base 1 the lower housing portion? which is formed integral 'with abearing 10 8 in axial alinement with the bearing 5. The pump housing 9is clamped against the lower end of the housing element '7 by the bolts6 and there is a passage 10 forming communication from the housing 7 tothe pump housing 9. The upper housing member 11 for the machine is at+jtached to the base 1 by bolts 12and encloses the part 4. The bearing 5is lined with a bushing 13 and the bearing 8 is lined witha bushing 14.

An electric motor 15 is attached to the support 4 within the housing 11,the wires for said p. motor entering the housing through appropriatefittings 16.

A cylinder 17 is mounted around the head 2 and a like cylinder 18 ismounted around the 85. head 3. The heads 2 and 3 are preferably of thesame diameter and the cylinders 17 and 18 are of the same diameter,although the internal diameter of said cylinders is greater than thediameter of the heads 2 and 3. The lower end 19 of the cylinder 17operates in close contact with a smooth wall 20 formed on the base 1 andextending radially from the head 2. The lower end of the cylinder 17 isformed with an annular groove 21 which does not communicate with theinside of the cylinder but does communicate with the outside throughnotches 22. The upper end of the cylinder 17 has an end wall 23extending radially toward its axis and operating in close n contact withthe upper end of the head 2. The cylinder 18 is similarly constructedand arranged having its upper end operating in close contact with asmooth wall 24 formed on the base 1 and extending radially from the head3. The upper end of the cylinder 18 has an annular groove 25 which doesnot communicate with the inside of the cylinder but does communicatewith the outside. The lower end of the cylinder 18 has an end wall 25aextending radially toward its axis and operating in close contact withthe lower end of the head 3.

By reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the two cylinders 17 and 18are between the two bearings 5 and 8 and spaced therefrom, permittingaxial movements of said cylinders-toward the respective bearings 5 and 8in order to relieve any excess of pressure within said cylinders 17 and18. A spring 26 interposedv between the bearing 5 and the end wall 23 ofthe cylinder 17 cooperates with gravity to hold said cylinder 17 incooperative relationship to the head 2. And a spring 27 interposedbetween the bearing 8 and the end wall 25a of the cylinder 18 supportssaid cylinder 18 in cooperative relationship with the head 3.

The head 2 is formed with an annular groove 28 having communicationthrough passages 29 with a large central hole 30 through the" base 1 andthrough the heads 2 and 3. Similarly, the head 3 is formed with acircumferential groove 31 having communication with the large centralhole 30 through passages 32. However, neither groove 28 nor 31communicates with the outside periphery of the heads 2 or 3 in whichsaid grooves are formed; These grooves 28 and 31 and the passages 29 and32 are designed and intended to receive oil so as to lubricate the partsand reduce friction in order to keep the machine in a condition for easyoperation and reduce the consumption of electrical energy.

One side of the head 2 is formed with 'a wide slot 33 (Figs. 4 and 5)extending the full length of the head from the wall 20 to the cylinderend wall 23. A plate or blade 34 is mounted for radial sliding movementsin said slot 33. A cup retainer 35 is mounted in a hole 36 in the inneredge of the plate or blade 34 and encloses a spring 37 having one endbearing against the inner end wall of said cup retainer and the oppositeend bearing against the bottom of the hole in the plate or blade 34.-SimiIarIy one side of the head 3 is formed with a wide slot 38 extendingthe full length of the head from the wall 24 to the end wall 25a of thecylinder18. A plate or blade 39 is mounted for radial sliding movementsin said slot. A cup retainer 40 is mounted in a hole 41 in the inneredge of the plate or blade 39 and encloses a spring 42 having one endbearing against the inner end wall of said cup retainer and the oppositeend bearing against the bottom of the hole in the plate or blade 39.

A shaft 43 is connected with the motor 15 for. rotation thereby and isjournaled for rotation in the bushings l3 and 14. This shaft has aneccentric portion 44 and the cylinder 17 has a hub 45 which isconcentric with .the cylinder and is provided with a bushing 46 mountedon the eccentric 44. These parts should be fitted and assembled in suchmanner as to permit the shaft 43 and its eccentric 28 to rotate withoutnecessarily rotating the hub 45 or the cylinder 17 at the same speed atwhich the shaft 43 rotates. The cylinder may rotate with or slower thansaid shaft 43. The eccentric 44- extends into the hole 30' and the hub45 extends downwardly in said hole through the head 2 which is ofsuflicient' size to permit all necessary movements of the hub 45 withoutmoving said hub into contact with the wall of said recess. The cylinderend wall 23 has holes 47 therethrough opening into the hole 30 in allpositions of the cylinder 17 so as topermit free circulation of oiltherethrough.

The inner end'of the spring retainer cup 35 abuts against the hub 45 andthereby causesv the spring 37 to press the plate or blade 34 outwardlyin a radial direction so that the outer edge of said plate or blade isat all times in contact with the inside of the cylinder 17 throughoutthe entire length of said cylinder and the head 2. These parts arethoroughly lubricated at all times because of the fact that they aresubmerged in oil.

The shaft 43 has another eccentric 48 in all respects similar to theeccentric 44 but projecting radially in the opposite direction from theaxis of the shaft 3. Thecylinder 18 has a hub 49 which is concentricwith the cylinder 18. This hub is provided with a bushing 50 mounted onthe eccentric 48 and these parts should be fitted and assembled :in suchmanner as to permit the shaft 43 and its eccentric 48 to rotate withoutrotating the hub '49 or the cylinder 18. The eccentric 48 is within thehole 30 and the hub 49 extends upwardly into said hole which is ofsuificient size to permit all the necessary movements of the hub 49without moving said hub into contact with the wall of said hole. Thecylinder end wall25a-has holes 51 therethrough so as to permit freecirculation of oil throughout the operation of the machine. The innerend of the spring retainer cup,40 abuts against the hub 49 and therebycauses the spring 42' to press the plate or blade 39 outwardly in aradial direction so that the outer edge of said plate or blade is at alltimes in contact with the inside of the cylinder 18 throughout theentire length of said cylinder and the head 3. These parts arethoroughly lubricatedat all times because of the fact that they aresubmerged in circulating oil. From the foregoing it will be obvious thatthe opposite disposition of the eccentrics 44 and 48 and the cylinders17 and 18 effect a counterbalance relationship of said parts and tend toprevent torsional strains upon the shaft 43 or other operating parts. Bythis means I am enabled to avoid the use of 116 special counterbalances.

When the machine is ready for use it contains oil up to about the line52 (Fig. 1), the oil having free circulation through holes 53 in thatpart of the frame 4 which supports the bearing 5; through the holes 47in the cylinder end wall 23 and through the hole 30 in the heads 2 and3; and through the holes 51 and the passage 10 into the pump housing 9.In this way all of the operating mechanism including and below thebearing 5 is constantly submerged in oil. The close fitting of thecylinder end walls 23 and 25a against the ends of the heads 2 and 3 andthe close fitting of the ends of said cylinders against the surfaces 20and 24 prevent oil from passing between said parts and entering thecylinders but maintain said parts in a lubricated condition.

The air or gas to be compressed or pumped enters the cylinder 17 througha passage 54 (Fig. 4) and enters the cylinder 18 through a passage 55136 (Fig. 3). These passages 54 and 55 are near the forward sides of theplates or blades 34 and 39, respectively. Near the opposite side of theplate or blade 34 the head 2 is formed with an outlet passage 56communicating through a tube 57 with the inside of the upper portion ofthe housing 11 above the oil level 52. Near the opposite side of theplate or blade 39 from the passage 55 a tube or pipe 58 communicateswith the inside of the upper portion of the housing 11 above the oillevel 52. From the housing 11 the compressed air or gas is conductedthrough a pipe 59 to a condenser (not shown) or elsewhere. Thus, thecompressed air or gas obtained by operation of the machine is confinedin the housing 11 and' dill neaaaee exerts a downward pressure againsttheoil in said housing, but not to such an extent as to preventthecylinders l7 and 18 from yielding or opening to relieve excesspressure.

The pump housing 9 encloses a centrifugal pump device 6Q (Fig, l) whichis preferably concentric with the shaft 43 and which operates to causeflow of oil through an outlet passage 61 into a pipe 62 and thencethrough a pipe connection 63 into the housing 11. The pump to isattached directly to the shaft d3.

When the machine is ready for use it contains oil to about the line 52,which is above all of the parts driven by the shaft 43 and all of thebearings for said shaft. As a result of this arrangement all of theparts are maintained in a constantly lubricated condition. The efiect ofthe rotation of the shaft 43 by the motor 15 is to operate the cylinders17 and 18 eccentrically about the heads 2 and 3 effectively to draw theair or gas into the cylinders and to compress the air or gas and ejectthe same from the cylinders. The arrangement of the parts in a balancedrelationship reduces friction to a minimum and prevents undue strainsupon any part of the operating mechanism. The operation and function ofthe machine being apparent, I claim and desire to-secure by LettersPatent:

l. A compressor or pump comprising a stationary cylindrical verticalhead having a hole in its center and having an annular groove in itsupper end in communication with said. hole and out of communication withthe periphery of said head, a vertical shaft extending through saidhead, spaced bearings at opposite sides of said head in which said shaftis journaled for rotation, an

eccentric on said shaft in said head, an imperforate cylindercooperating with said head to form a compression chamber and operativelyconnected with said eccentric for operation about said head and havingsome portion of its inner periphery constantly in contact with someportion of the outer periphery of said head, and an element movableradially across said chamber and cooperating with said head and saidcylinder to eifect compression. 2. A compressor or pump comprising astationary cylindrical vertical head having a hole in its center andhaving an annular groove in its upper end in communication with saidhole and out of communication with the periphery of said head, avertical shaft extending through said head, spaced bearings at oppositesides of said head in which said shaft is journaled for rotation, aneccentric on said shaft in said head, an imper- -forate cylinderoperatively connected with said eccentric for operation about said headand having some portion of its inner periphery constantly in contactwith some portion of the outer periphery of said head, and yieldingmeans holding said iclylinder in cooperative relationship with saidearl.

3. A compressor or pump comprising a stationary vertical head having ahole through its centerand having an annular groove in one end openinginto said hole'and being out of communication with the periphery of sa dhead, a rigid radial horizontal'wall 'at the opposite end of ,said head,a cylinder enclosing said head and having one end seated upon saidhorizontal wall and a groove in said end, a wall rigid with the oppositeend of said cylinder contacting with the end of said head in which saidfirst groove is feed, and mechanism for operating said cylinderrotatively and eccen'trically about said head.

a. A compressor or pp comprising two oppositely projecting ardallyalined cylindrical heads, a shaft extending through said head, onimperforate cylinder enclosing each of said heads and cooperatingtherewith to 0 a compression chamber, elements cooperating with saidheads and said cylinders to effect compression, a pair $5 of eccentricson said shaft loosely engaging'said cylinders for operating saidcylinders about said heads as an incident to rotation of said shaft, andresilient means for holding said cylinders in proper cooperativerelationship with said heads. is

5. A compressor or pump comprising a stationary cylindrical head, animperforate cylinder eccentrically enclosing said head and having agroove in one end thereof counicating with the outside of the cylinderand being out of communication with the inside of the cylinder, a rigidwall abutting said end of said cylinder, mechanism for operating saidcylinder eccentrically about said head, and aidevice crossing the spacebetween said cylinder and said head and cooperating therewith to effectcompression.

6. A compressor or pump comprising a stationary cylindrical head, animperforate cylinder eccentrically enclosing said head and having agroove in one end thereof communicating with the outside of the cyl nderand being out of communication with the inside of the cylinder, a rigid.wall abutting said end of said cylinder, mechanism for operating saidcylinder eccentrically about said head, an outwardly movable membersupported by said head' and contacting with the inner periphery of saidcylinder'and' co.- operating with said head and said cylinder to eifectcompression, and a resilient device holding said cylinder in cooperativerelationship to said head;

7. A compressor or pump comprising a stationary cylindrical head havinga hole therethrough and having an annular groove in one end, which sa dgroove communicates with said hole and is out of communication with theperiphery of said head, an imperforate cylinder eccentrically enclosingsaid head, a movabledevice crossing the space between said cylinder andsaid head and cooperat ng therewith to effect compression, a wall inconnection with said cylinder abuttmg against the end of said head whichcontains said groove, and mechanism for operating said cylindereccentrically about said head. V

8. A compressor or pump comprising a station- 130 ary cylindrical headhaving a hole therethrough and having an annular groove in one end,which said groove communicates with said hole and is out ofcommunicationwith the periphery of said head, an imperforate cylinder eccentricallyen- 135 closing said head, a relatively movable element supported bysaid head and crossing the space between said head and said cylinder andcooperating therewith to effect compression, a wall in connection withsaid cylinder abutting against 140 the end of said head which containssaid groove, mechanism for operating said cylinder eccentrically aboutsaid head, and a spring yieldingly holding said cylinder in cooperativerelationship with said head. 14,5

EDWARD WILSON.

